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            玩转数据结构
          </h1> <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h2 id="_1-数组"><a href="#_1-数组" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1. 数组</h2> <h3 id="_1-1-什么是数组"><a href="#_1-1-什么是数组" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.1 什么是数组？</h3> <ul><li>数组是一种<strong>线性表</strong>数据结构，它是一组<strong>具有相同数据类型的连续的内存空间</strong></li> <li>连续的内存空间和相同类型的数据</li> <li>优点：两限制使得具有随机访问的特性</li> <li>缺点：删除，插入数据效率低</li></ul> <blockquote><p>线性表:  线性表就是数据排成像一条线一样的结构.每个现行表上的数据最多只有前和后两个方向.常见的线性表结构：数组，链表、队列、栈等</p></blockquote> <h3 id="_1-2-封装一个属于自己的数组"><a href="#_1-2-封装一个属于自己的数组" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.2 封装一个属于自己的数组</h3> <h4 id="_1-2-1-初始化array"><a href="#_1-2-1-初始化array" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.2.1 初始化Array</h4> <div class="language-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Array</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> data<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 存储数据</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> size<span class="token punctuation">;</span>   <span class="token comment">// 存储的元素个数</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 无参数的构造函数，默认数组的容量capacity=10</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 构造函数，传入数组的容量capacity构造Array</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> capacity<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>capacity<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 获取数组的容量</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getCapacity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 获取数组中的元素个数</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> size<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 返回数组是否为空</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">isEmpty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> size <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><h4 id="_1-2-2-添加元素"><a href="#_1-2-2-添加元素" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.2.2 添加元素</h4> <p>原理：在索引插入处，每个元素往后挪一下，再插入即可</p> <p><img src="https://gitee.com/YanHui-Yang/blog-img/raw/master/img/image-20210820102140831.png" alt="image-20210820102140831"></p> <p><img src="https://gitee.com/YanHui-Yang/blog-img/raw/master/img/image-20210820102210288.png" alt="image-20210820102210288"></p> <p><img src="https://gitee.com/YanHui-Yang/blog-img/raw/master/img/image-20210820102230655.png" alt="image-20210820102230655"></p> <div class="language-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token comment">// 指定索引添加一个元素</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> index<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>size <span class="token operator">==</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Add failed. Array is full.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> index <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Add failed. Require index &gt;= 0 and index &lt;= size.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 从最后一位开始挪，挪到index就停止</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> size <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> index<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 将e赋值给第index位</span>
    data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> e<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 维护一下size</span>
    size<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// 向数组末尾添加一个元素</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">addLast</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// 向数组开头添加一个元素</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">addFirst</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><h4 id="_1-2-3-通过索引获取和修改元素"><a href="#_1-2-3-通过索引获取和修改元素" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.2.3 通过索引获取和修改元素</h4> <div class="language-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token comment">// 获取index索引位置的元素</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> index <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Get failed. Index is illegal.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// 修改index索引位置的元素为e</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> index<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> index <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Get failed. Index is illegal.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> e<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h4 id="_1-2-4-删除元素"><a href="#_1-2-4-删除元素" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.2.4 删除元素</h4> <p>原理：在需要删除的索引处，每个元素往前挪一位</p> <p><img src="https://gitee.com/YanHui-Yang/blog-img/raw/master/img/image-20210820102336743.png" alt="image-20210820102336743"></p> <p><img src="https://gitee.com/YanHui-Yang/blog-img/raw/master/img/image-20210820102401297.png" alt="image-20210820102401297"></p> <p><img src="https://gitee.com/YanHui-Yang/blog-img/raw/master/img/image-20210820102140831.png" alt="image-20210820102140831"></p> <div class="language-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token comment">// 从数组中删除index位置的元素, 返回删除的元素</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> index <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Remove failed. Index is illegal.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    size<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// 从数组中删除第一个元素, 返回删除的元素</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">removeFirst</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// 从数组中删除最后一个元素, 返回删除的元素</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">removeLast</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>size <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// 从数组中删除元素e</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">removeElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> index <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>index<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><h4 id="_1-2-5-通用数组-添加泛型"><a href="#_1-2-5-通用数组-添加泛型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.2.5 通用数组（添加泛型）</h4> <div class="language-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Array</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">E</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">E</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> data<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 存储数据</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> size<span class="token punctuation">;</span>   <span class="token comment">// 存储的元素个数</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 无参数的构造函数，默认数组的容量capacity=10</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 构造函数，传入数组的容量capacity构造Array</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> capacity<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">E</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>capacity<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 获取数组的容量</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getCapacity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 获取数组中的元素个数</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> size<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 返回数组是否为空</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">isEmpty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> size <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 指定索引添加一个元素</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> index<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">E</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>size <span class="token operator">==</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Add failed. Array is full.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> index <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Add failed. Require index &gt;= 0 and index &lt;= size.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token comment">// 从最后一位开始挪，挪到index就停止</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> size <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> index<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token comment">// 将e赋值给第index位</span>
        data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> e<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 维护一下size</span>
        size<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 向数组末尾添加一个元素</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">addLast</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">E</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 向数组开头添加一个元素</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">addFirst</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">E</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 获取index索引位置的元素</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">E</span> <span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> index <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Get failed. Index is illegal.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 修改index索引位置的元素为e</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> index<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">E</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> index <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Get failed. Index is illegal.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> e<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 查找数组中是否有元素e</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">contains</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">E</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 查找数组中元素e所在的索引，如果不存在元素e，则返回-1</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">E</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> size<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token keyword">return</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 从数组中删除index位置的元素, 返回删除的元素</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">E</span> <span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> index <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Remove failed. Index is illegal.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token class-name">E</span> ret <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> size<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        size<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>size<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> ret<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 从数组中删除第一个元素, 返回删除的元素</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">E</span> <span class="token function">removeFirst</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 从数组中删除最后一个元素, 返回删除的元素</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">E</span> <span class="token function">removeLast</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>size <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 从数组中删除元素e</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">removeElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">E</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">int</span> index <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>index<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

        <span class="token class-name">StringBuilder</span> sb <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">StringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;array [&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> size<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">!=</span> size <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;]&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span 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class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br></div></div><h4 id="_1-2-6-动态数组"><a href="#_1-2-6-动态数组" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.2.6 动态数组</h4> <div class="language-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token comment">// 指定索引添加一个元素</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> index<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">E</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>size <span class="token operator">==</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Add failed. Array is full.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> index <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Add failed. Require index &gt;= 0 and index &lt;= size.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>size <span class="token operator">==</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token function">resize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 从最后一位开始挪，挪到index就停止</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> size <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> index<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 将e赋值给第index位</span>
    data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> e<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 维护一下size</span>
    size<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// 从数组中删除index位置的元素, 返回删除的元素</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">E</span> <span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> index <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Remove failed. Index is illegal.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token class-name">E</span> ret <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> size<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    size<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>size<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>size <span class="token operator">==</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token function">resize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> ret<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// 将数组空间的容量变成newCapacity大小</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">resize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> newCapacity<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token class-name">E</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> newData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">E</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>newCapacity<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> size<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        newData<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    data <span class="token operator">=</span> newData<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br></div></div><div class="language-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>size <span class="token operator">==</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token function">resize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-栈"><a href="#_2-栈" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2. 栈</h2> <h3 id="_2-1-什么是栈"><a href="#_2-1-什么是栈" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.1 什么是栈？</h3> <ul><li><strong>线性表，先进后出</strong></li> <li>只能在一端进行插入和删除操作</li></ul> <h3 id="_2-2-初始化栈"><a href="#_2-2-初始化栈" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.2 初始化栈</h3> <div class="language-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">Stack</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">E</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">isEmpty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">E</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token class-name">E</span> <span class="token function">pop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token class-name">E</span> <span class="token function">peek</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><div class="language-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ArrayStack</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">E</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">Stack</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">E</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">Array</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">E</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> array<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">ArrayStack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        array <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Array</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">ArrayStack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> capacity<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        array <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Array</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>capacity<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">isEmpty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isEmpty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">E</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addLast</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">E</span> <span class="token function">pop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">removeLast</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">E</span> <span class="token function">peek</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLast</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token class-name">StringBuilder</span> sb <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">StringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Stack: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'['</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">!=</span> array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;] top&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div></div></div> <div class="page-edit"><div class="tags"><a href="/blog/tags/?tag=%E7%8E%A9%E8%BD%AC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="标签">#玩转数据结构</a></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">最近更新时间：</span> <span class="time">2021/09/02 00:18:49</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/0e4b138c50678/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">21.合并两个有序链表</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----> <span class="next"><a href="/blog/pages/0e4b138c50678/">21.合并两个有序链表</a>→
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